The New Theory is the most distinct and concrete example of the application of the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy to the agricultural sector. King Rama IX initiated this theory to help Thai farmers who suffer from the impacts of economic crisis, natural disasters and other unproductive natural conditions. The New Theory suggests that farmers apply the essential principles of the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, namely moderation, due consideration and self-immunity to their practice of farming as this would shield them from the risks and impacts of globalization and other uncontrollable factors in their farming.
In tune with the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, His Majesty introduced the unprecedented approach to manage farmland. Efficient water management was also developed to ensure year-around farming. To adopt the New Theory agriculture, farmers are advised to follow these three steps:
• Farmland Division for Optimum Benefits The land is divided into four parts with a ratio of 30:30:30:10.
– The first 30% is designated for a pond to store rainwater during the rainy season while during the dry season it serves to supply water to grow crops and raise aquatic animals and plants.
– The second 30% is set aside for rice cultivation during the rainy season for the family’s daily consumption throughout the year to cut down on expenses and allow the farmers to be self-reliant.
– The third 30% is used for growing fruit and perennial trees, vegetables, field crops and herbs for daily consumption. If there is any surplus, it will be sold.
– The last 10% is set aside for accommodation, animal husbandry, roads and other structures.
• Communal Agriculture After the first step has been realized, the farmers are encouraged to form groups or cooperatives to carry out farming and agricultural activities in the following areas:
– Production (plant species, soil preparation, irrigation, etc.)
– Farmers must cooperate in the production of crops, starting from preparing the soil, obtaining plant species, fertilizers, water supply, etc. for cultivation. – Marketing (rice drying space, silos, rice mills, the sale of crops) The Ideal New Theory is the one that has efficient water detention pond with full capacity by having a large water source that is always able to refill the pond.